Ancient-education/Universities/Nalanda/Dharmapāla

Dharmapāla: The Scholar-Saint of Nalanda

Overview

Dharmapāla, a distinguished philosopher and Buddhist scholar from Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, stands as a luminous figure in the intellectual history of ancient India. As recorded by the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, Dharmapāla was born into a noble family, betrothed to a royal bride, yet chose the spiritual path over worldly life. Renouncing comfort and power, he embraced monastic discipline and pursued the study of Buddhist philosophy, mastering both Hinayana and Mahayana doctrines. His exceptional intellect and devotion led him to Nalanda University, where he became a disciple and later the successor of the eminent philosopher Dignāga.

At Nalanda, Dharmapāla played a crucial role in advancing the Yogācāra school of Mahayana Buddhism, promoting the ideal of the Bodhisattva, one who seeks enlightenment for the welfare of all beings. His teachings blended rigorous logic with deep compassion, emphasizing the harmony between wisdom and ethical living. Through his leadership, Nalanda flourished as a vibrant center of spiritual and intellectual exchange, drawing scholars from across Asia. Dharmapāla’s influence extended far beyond India, shaping Buddhist thought in Tibet, China, and Southeast Asia.

Thus, Dharmapāla’s life symbolizes the unity of learning, compassion, and renunciation, the core of India’s ancient educational and spiritual tradition. His legacy at Nalanda stands as a testament to the power of knowledge when guided by moral purpose. Today, his teachings continue to inspire the revival of values-based education that bridges intellect and inner wisdom, echoing the timeless message of the Bodhisattva path.

References:

1. Chakrabarti, D. K. (2014). Ancient Nalanda: The archaeology, history and legacy of a great monastic university. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 24(4), 573–590. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186314000233

1. Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Dharmapala: Buddhist philosopher. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved October 30, 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dharmapala-Buddhist-philosopher
2. Wikipedia. (2024, November 10). Dharmapāla (Buddhist philosopher). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 30, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmap%C4%81la_(Buddhist_philosopher)
3. Xuanzang, & Li, R. (1996). The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions (Trans. Li Rongxi). Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Retrieved from https://www.bdkamerica.org/book/great-tang-dynasty-record-western-regions